On August 20-21, 2012, the “International Symposium on Demographic Dividend and Social-economic Development”, was held at Xiyuan Hotel, Beijing, organized by Academic Division of Economics, CASS, and hosted by Institute of Population and Labor Economics, CASS. The attendants included: Yang Weimin, Vice Minister of Office of Central Leading Group for Finance and Economic Affairs, China; Chen Jiagui, Former Vice President and Director of Academic Division of Economics, CASS; and over 80 experts and scholars in demography and labour economics. 19 keynote speakers gave presentations about the effects of demographic dividend on economic growth, demographic transition, population aging, human capital accumulation, labour market changes, and institution development.