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工会能够提高工人工资么?——基于上海市闵行区“企业-员工”匹配调查的分析
文章作者:孙兆阳  发布时间:2014-04-15 16:09:39

内容提要:收入分配不平等是中国在中等收入阶段面临的重大问题,作为员工利益代表的工会应该在初次收入分配中发挥更重要的作用。本文使用一套在上海市闵行区制造业调查的“企业-员工”匹配数据,以明瑟工资方程为基础,采用OLS(最小二乘法)方法进行分析。研究结果显示,工会能够显著提高其覆盖员工的小时工资,但对周工资和月工资影响不明显,这是因为工会覆盖企业的员工人力资本水平高,且在工作时间等方面严格执行法律规定。在判断工会发挥作用的范围上,文章比较了三个不同的代表工会化的变量,即全总口径的企业认可、西方口径的员工认同和新口径的员工认知。比较结果显示,有的企业工会没有起到保护工人权益的作用;而有的发挥作用的工会,虽然其效果覆盖了整个企业,但员工认同程度偏低。为了进一步发挥工会维护工人权益的作用,全总应该注重对农民工、女性劳动者等劳动力市场竞争弱势群体的保护,并通过区域性、行业性的集体合同扩大集体协商的作用范围。

关键词:全国总工会 集体协商 工资效果 工会化

Can Trade Unions Increase Workers Wage?An Analysis Based on EmployerEmployee Matehed Survey Conducted in Minhang District,Shanghai

Abstract: Income distribution inequality is a serious social problem that China faces at the middleincome stage As the representative of workers interests, ACFTU should play a more important role in the primary income distribution By using an “employeremployee” matched survey data from Minhang District, Shanghai, the paper uses OLS method to analyze the union wage effect The result shows that union can significantly increase workers hourly wage, but not the weekly and monthly wage The reasons rely on the facts that unionized workplaces have high human capital level and more strictly abide labor regulations, such as working hours The paper also compares three different variables to determine the union status: the enterprise acceptance (ACFTU standard), employee consent (western standard) and employee recognition (the new standard) The results show that some unions do not fulfill the function of protecting workers interests; while their effects will cover most workers, if unions are actively organized However, unions have failed in communicating with workers, so some workers do not know unions contribution and do not identify themselves as union members Thus, the ACFTU and western standards of union status will undermine union wage effects As conclusion, ACFTU should pay more attention to the protection of lowskilled workers, such as migrant and female workers, and to increasing the scope of collective wage negotiation through regional and industrial collective contracts.

Keywords: ACFTU, collective negotiation, wage effect, union status

JEL Classification: J31, J51

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文章出处:劳动经济研究,2014年第2卷第2期,p153-171