内容提要：既有文献对中国城乡收入差距扩大的成因解释主要集中在非正常收入、转移支付、城市化和城市倾向政策、等级制度以及政府税收等角度，本文则从地方政府竞争尤其是投资竞争的视角提供了一种新的解释。本文利用1995-2007年省际面板数据研究发现，地方政府竞争对城乡收入差距具有显著的扩大作用，即便在控制其他潜在影响收入差距的各种因素后，上述结论仍是显著且稳健的。此外，外贸依存度、教育水平、国内生产总值增长率、产业结构等也是影响城乡收入差距的重要因素。

关键词：地方政府竞争、城乡收入差距、投资竞争

Has Competition among Local Governments Worsened UrbanRural Income Gap? An Empirical Analysis Based on Provincial Panel Data from 1995 to 2007

Zhang Jianwu1, Zhao Qiuyun2 & Lan Lijun1

(School of Economics and Management, South China Normal University1; Guanghua School of Management, Peking University2)

Abstract： Existing literatures on explaining reasons of increasing urban rural income gap mainly focused on abnormal income, transfer payments, urbanization and urban tendency policies, hierarchy and government revenue, etc. This paper provides a new explanation from the perspective of local government competition, especially investment competition. The empirical results based on provincial panel data from 1995 to 2007 show that the competition among local governments has significantly increased urbanrural income gap in China. The results are still significant and robust even after controlling for other potential factors which may affect urbanrural income gap. Besides, other factors like dependence on foreign trade, education level, GDP growth rate and industrial structure also affect urbanrural income gap.

Keywords： local government competition, urbanrural income gap, investment competition

JEL Classification： E21, E25, J1

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张建武，华南师范大学经济与管理学院，电子邮箱：zjw0993@126.com

赵秋运（通讯作者），北京大学光华管理学院，电子邮箱：fuyunshuangquan@163.com

兰丽君，华南师范大学经济与管理学院，电子邮箱：15920442395@163.com

本文得到了华南师范大学研究生科研创新基金资助（2012KYJJ202）。作者感谢黎富森、黄佳祥等人在数据上的支持以及魏下海和容金凤、麦巧旋等人的建设性意见。当然，文责自负。

文章出处：劳动经济研究，2014年第2卷第3期